Lab 4: OSPF Single Area (Area 0 Backbone) | Lab Hands-on MikroTik

🎯 Sasaran Praktikum

Membangun dynamic routing OSPF v7 antar 2 router pada Backbone Area 0.

Tingkat Kesulitan: INTERMEDIATE
Estimasi Waktu: 30 Menit
Target RouterOS: RouterOS v7 (v7.12+ recommended)

⚖️ Analisis Transisi: RouterOS v6 vs RouterOS v7

Topik ini memiliki perbedaan arsitektur dan sintaks CLI penting antara RouterOS v6 dan RouterOS v7:

Aspek	RouterOS v6 (Legacy)	RouterOS v7 (Modern)
Routing Architecture	Single-threaded route engine lama	Multi-threaded kernel 5.x routing stack
Sintaks Konfigurasi	Menu legacy v6	Menu modern v7

Ulasan Arsitektur & Perbedaan Kunci

RouterOS v6: Di RouterOS v6, OSPF dikonfigurasi menggunakan deklarasi network subnet di /routing ospf network add network=... area=backbone. Router-ID didefinisikan pada default instance di /routing ospf instance.
RouterOS v7: Di RouterOS v7, arsitektur OSPF dirombak total! Menu /routing ospf network telah DIHAPUS. OSPF v7 menggunakan sistem Template Interface: /routing ospf interface-template add area=backbone networks=... type=... dan multi-instance yang mendukung IPv4 & IPv6 sekaligus.

Perbandingan CLI Konfigurasi Berdampingan

Perbandingan CLI RouterOS v6

# RouterOS v6 - OSPF Backbone
/routing ospf instance
set [ find default=yes ] router-id=1.1.1.1

/routing ospf network
add network=172.16.12.0/30 area=backbone
add network=1.1.1.1/32 area=backbone passive=yes

Perbandingan CLI RouterOS v7 (Rekomendasi Ujian MTCRE Baru)

# RouterOS v7 - OSPF Backbone
/routing ospf instance
add name=ospf-inst router-id=1.1.1.1 version=2

/routing ospf area
add name=backbone instance=ospf-inst area-id=0.0.0.0

/routing ospf interface-template
add area=backbone networks=172.16.12.0/30 type=ptp
add area=backbone networks=1.1.1.1/32 passive=yes

⏱️ Alur Kerja & Timeline Praktikum

Durasi	Fase Lab	Deskripsi Aktivitas
00:00 - 08:00	Loopback & OSPF Instance v7	Buat bridge loopback dan daftarkan OSPF instance dengan router-id unik.
08:00 - 20:00	Interface Templates & Area 0	Daftarkan network inter-router ke OSPF Area 0 backbone dengan tipe network ptp.
20:00 - 30:00	Verifikasi OSPF Adjacency & Routing	Verifikasi state OSPF Full pada neighbor dan pastikan route DAo muncul di routing table.

🗺️ Topologi Jaringan

[R1-HQ: 172.16.12.1/30] <=== Area 0 ===> [R2-Branch: 172.16.12.2/30]

Daftar Perangkat dalam Topologi:

R1-HQ (mikrotik) - Interfaces: ether1 (mgmt), ether2, ether3, ether4
R2-Core (mikrotik) - Interfaces: ether1 (mgmt), ether2, ether3, ether4
R3-Branch (mikrotik) - Interfaces: ether1 (mgmt), ether2, ether3, ether4
PC-Branch-LAN (pc) - Interfaces: eth1

🛠️ Langkah Konfigurasi Lengkap (RouterOS v7)

Langkah 1: R1-HQ - Konfigurasi Loopback dan OSPF Instance v7 Area 0

# Node: R1-HQ
/interface bridge add name=lo0
/ip address add address=1.1.1.1/32 interface=lo0
/ip address add address=172.16.12.1/30 interface=ether2
/routing ospf instance add name=ospf-inst router-id=1.1.1.1
/routing ospf area add name=backbone instance=ospf-inst area-id=0.0.0.0
/routing ospf interface-template add area=backbone networks=172.16.12.0/30 type=ptp
/routing ospf interface-template add area=backbone networks=1.1.1.1/32 passive=yes

Langkah 2: R2-Branch - Konfigurasi OSPF pada router peer

# Node: R2-Branch
/interface bridge add name=lo0
/ip address add address=2.2.2.2/32 interface=lo0
/ip address add address=172.16.12.2/30 interface=ether2
/routing ospf instance add name=ospf-inst router-id=2.2.2.2
/routing ospf area add name=backbone instance=ospf-inst area-id=0.0.0.0
/routing ospf interface-template add area=backbone networks=172.16.12.0/30 type=ptp
/routing ospf interface-template add area=backbone networks=2.2.2.2/32 passive=yes
/routing ospf neighbor print

🔍 Pengujian & Verifikasi CLI

Jalankan perintah verifikasi berikut di terminal WinBox / SSH untuk memastikan konfigurasi telah aktif dan valid:

/routing ospf neighbor print
/ip route print where dynamic=yes

Ekspektasi Output Terminal:

[admin@R1-HQ] > /routing ospf neighbor print
Flags: V - virtual; D - dynamic
 0  D instance=ospf-inst area=backbone address=172.16.12.2 router-id=2.2.2.2
      state="Full"

[admin@R1-HQ] > /ip route print
Flags: D - DYNAMIC; A - ACTIVE; o - OSPF, c - CONNECT
Columns: DST-ADDRESS, GATEWAY, DISTANCE
0  DAo 192.168.30.0/24 172.16.12.2       110

✅ Checklist Keberhasilan Lab:

Neighbor state mencapai status “Full” (adjacensi terbentuk sempurna)
Flag DAo (Dynamic Active OSPF) muncul untuk subnet remote branch
Distance OSPF bernilai default 110

⚠️ Troubleshooting & Catatan Penting

[!WARNING] Pastikan MTU pada kedua interface router bernilai sama (default 1500). Jika berbeda, OSPF akan stuck di ExStart.

[!WARNING] Pastikan area-id kedua router sama-sama bernilai 0.0.0.0 (Backbone).

📥 Panduan Lengkap & Resource

Gunakan panduan lengkap seluruh lab MikroTik certification di Panduan Lengkap Skenario Lab MikroTik atau ikuti kelas resmi tatap muka kami di Daftar Pelatihan MikroTik.