Cheatsheet CLI Routing MikroTik: Komparasi RouterOS v6 vs RouterOS v7

Panduan ringkas ini merangkum transisi sintaksis dan arsitektural stack routing dari RouterOS v6 ke RouterOS v7. Sangat berguna bagi Network Engineer yang sedang mengelola migrasi jaringan produksi maupun peserta persiapan sertifikasi MTCRE dan MTCINE.

---

1. Static Routing & Routing Table (FIB)

Pada RouterOS v6, tabel routing diatur secara otomatis saat membuat routing mark pada firewall mangle. Pada RouterOS v7, tabel routing merupakan objek eksplisit di menu /routing table dengan flag fib yang wajib didefinisikan sebelum digunakan.

RouterOS v6

# Menambahkan static route ke routing-mark khusus (v6)
/ip route
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.1.1 routing-mark=to-ISP1 distance=1 check-gateway=ping
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.2.1 distance=2

RouterOS v7

# Wajib mendefinisikan routing table terlebih dahulu (v7)
/routing table
add name=to-ISP1 fib

# Menambahkan static route dengan parameter routing-table (bukan routing-mark)
/ip route
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.1.1 routing-table=to-ISP1 distance=1 check-gateway=ping
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.2.1 distance=2

---

2. Recursive Routing & Failover Otomatis

Recursive routing memanfaatkan resolusi nexthop bertingkat menggunakan kombinasi parameter scope dan target-scope untuk memantau IP publik (misal DNS Google 8.8.8.8) tanpa script.

RouterOS v6

# Target Host Check via ISP 1
/ip route
add dst-address=8.8.8.8/32 gateway=192.168.1.1 scope=10
# Target Host Check via ISP 2
add dst-address=1.1.1.1/32 gateway=192.168.2.1 scope=10

# Default Route Recursive (v6)
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=8.8.8.8 distance=1 target-scope=11 check-gateway=ping
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=1.1.1.1 distance=2 target-scope=11 check-gateway=ping

RouterOS v7

# Target Host Check via ISP 1 (v7 nexthop resolver)
/ip route
add dst-address=8.8.8.8/32 gateway=192.168.1.1 scope=10
# Target Host Check via ISP 2
add dst-address=1.1.1.1/32 gateway=192.168.2.1 scope=10

# Default Route Recursive (v7)
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=8.8.8.8 distance=1 target-scope=11 check-gateway=ping
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=1.1.1.1 distance=2 target-scope=11 check-gateway=ping

Perhatian Arsitektural v7: Pada v7, recursive nexthop calculation dievaluasi oleh routing engine baru secara asynchronous. Nilai target-scope harus lebih besar dari scope rute resolver dan gateway recursive harus dapat diselesaikan secara deterministik.

---

3. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

Perubahan terbesar terjadi pada OSPF: v6 menggunakan konsep Instance dan Network Statement, sedangkan v7 mengadopsi standar Instance, Area, dan Interface Template yang menyatukan OSPFv2 (IPv4) dan OSPFv3 (IPv6).

RouterOS v6

# Konfigurasi OSPF Single Area (v6)
/routing ospf instance
set [ find default=yes ] router-id=10.255.255.1

/routing ospf area
# Area 0 (backbone) sudah ada secara default

/routing ospf network
add network=192.168.10.0/24 area=backbone
add network=10.10.10.0/30 area=backbone

/routing ospf interface
add interface=ether1 network-type=broadcast authentication=md5 authentication-key=Secret123

RouterOS v7

# Konfigurasi OSPF Single Area (v7)
/routing ospf instance
add name=ospf-instance-1 router-id=10.255.255.1 version=2

/routing ospf area
add name=ospf-area-backbone instance=ospf-instance-1 area-id=0.0.0.0

/routing ospf interface-template
add instance=ospf-instance-1 area=ospf-area-backbone interfaces=ether1 type=broadcast auth=md5 auth-key=Secret123
add instance=ospf-instance-1 area=ospf-area-backbone networks=192.168.10.0/24

---

4. Routing Filter

Di RouterOS v6, filter menggunakan evaluasi berbasis rantai (chain) mirip firewall filter. Di RouterOS v7, routing filter menggunakan bahasa skrip prosedural berkinerja tinggi (rule-based syntax).

RouterOS v6

# Filter OSPF In / BGP (v6)
/routing filter
add chain=ospf-in prefix=10.0.0.0/8 prefix-length=8-24 action=accept
add chain=ospf-in action=discard

RouterOS v7

# Filter Rule Prosedural (v7)
/routing filter rule
add chain=ospf-in rule="if (dst in 10.0.0.0/8 && dst-len <= 24) { accept; } else { reject; }"

---

5. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

RouterOS v7 mengimplementasikan arsitektur BGP multi-core terdistribusi penuh. Konfigurasi instance dan peer pada v6 disederhanakan menjadi connection dengan affinity control pada v7.

RouterOS v6

# BGP Peering (v6)
/routing bgp instance
set default as=64512 router-id=1.1.1.1

/routing bgp peer
add name=ISP-Uplink remote-address=198.51.100.1 remote-as=64500 hold-time=30s

RouterOS v7

# BGP Peering (v7)
/routing bgp connection
add name=ISP-Uplink local.role=ebgp local.as=64512 remote.address=198.51.100.1/32 remote.as=64500 router-id=1.1.1.1 hold-time=30s output.filter-chain=bgp-out input.filter-chain=bgp-in

---

Ringkasan Matriks Perbedaan CLI

Parameter	RouterOS v6	RouterOS v7
Routing Table	Otomatis dibuat via routing-mark mangle	Wajib deklarasi eksplisit di /routing table (fib=yes)
OSPF Network	Didefinisikan di /routing ospf network	Diganti dengan /routing ospf interface-template
OSPF IPv4 & IPv6	Terpisah (OSPFv2 vs OSPFv3)	Bersatu dalam template instance OSPF yang sama
Routing Filter	Format tabel berantai (chain=... action=...)	Format ekspresi logika kode skrip (rule="...")
BGP Multi-Core	Single core CPU limitation	Multi-threaded proses terdistribusi (affinity)
WireGuard	Tidak didukung native	Didukung native langsung di /interface wireguard

---

Ingin menguasai implementasi praktikum topologi multi-router langsung bersama Trainer Resmi TR0176?
Pelajari selengkapnya di program Training MTCRE Resmi (MikroTik Certified Routing Engineer) dan Training MTCINE Expert (BGP & MPLS).